About delay in completion routine

NTDEV
1

Hi, All,

I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion routine.

DWORD PreviouseTime;

…
PreviouseTime=timeGetTime();
while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)// 100ms delay
{
}

So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to testing.
Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.

Thanks

David

Download games, logos, wallpapers and lots more at MSN Mobile!
http://www.msn.com.sg/mobile/

2

Please, please, please do not do this. Habits like this from DOS days
*must* be abandoned. Your customers, other developers, and I will all
hate you.

If you must block a thread for a fixed time period, use
KeDelayExecutionThread (kernel-mode) or SleepEx (user-mode).

– arlie

-----Original Message-----
From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:08 PM
To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine

Hi, All,

I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion
routine.

DWORD PreviouseTime;

…
PreviouseTime=timeGetTime(); while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)//
100ms delay { }

So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to testing.
Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.

Thanks

David

Download games, logos, wallpapers and lots more at MSN Mobile!
http://www.msn.com.sg/mobile/

Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256

You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@sublinear.org To
unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com

3

arlie,
thanks, can you tell me why the “DOS” function can not be used?

regards

David

From: “Arlie Davis”
>Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>
>To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 21:59:01 -0400
>
>Please, please, please do not do this. Habits like this from DOS days
>must be abandoned. Your customers, other developers, and I will all
>hate you.
>
>If you must block a thread for a fixed time period, use
>KeDelayExecutionThread (kernel-mode) or SleepEx (user-mode).
>
>– arlie
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
>Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:08 PM
>To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
>Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine
>
>
>Hi, All,
>
>I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
>timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion
>routine.
>
>DWORD PreviouseTime;
>
>…
>PreviouseTime=timeGetTime(); while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)//
>100ms delay { }
>
>So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to testing.
>Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.
>
>Thanks
>
>David
>
>
>Download games, logos, wallpapers and lots more at MSN Mobile!
>http://www.msn.com.sg/mobile/
>
>
>—
>Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
>http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
>You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@sublinear.org To
>unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>
>
>—
>Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
>http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
>You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@hotmail.com
>To unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com
Get 10mb of inbox space with MSN Hotmail Extra Storage
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4

Because you are programming for a multi-user, multi-processor,
multi-process environment. Spin loops are completely inappropriate for
this environment. The reasons why are so obvious that I won’t go into
them here. (Spin loops waste processor time, work against the process
scheduler, dramatically increase processor power drain in low-power
devices, etc.)

If you do not understand why a spin loop like this is inappropriate, you
need to do a lot of reading on modern operating system design. I don’t
intend for this to be condescending, merely true.

– arlie

-----Original Message-----
From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 10:22 PM
To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine

arlie,
thanks, can you tell me why the “DOS” function can not be used?

regards

David

From: “Arlie Davis”
>Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>
>To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 21:59:01 -0400
>
>Please, please, please do not do this. Habits like this from DOS days
>must be abandoned. Your customers, other developers, and I will all
>hate you.
>
>If you must block a thread for a fixed time period, use
>KeDelayExecutionThread (kernel-mode) or SleepEx (user-mode).
>
>– arlie
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
>Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:08 PM
>To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
>Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine
>
>
>Hi, All,
>
>I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
>timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion
>routine.
>
>DWORD PreviouseTime;
>
>…
>PreviouseTime=timeGetTime(); while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)//
>100ms delay { }
>
>So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to testing.
>Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.
>
>Thanks
>
>David

5

arlie,
thanks, I misunderstood you since I beleived that I can not use
timeGetTime() function.

Now I see.

Say again , thank you very much

David

From: “Arlie Davis”
>Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>
>To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 22:33:39 -0400
>
>Because you are programming for a multi-user, multi-processor,
>multi-process environment. Spin loops are completely inappropriate for
>this environment. The reasons why are so obvious that I won’t go into
>them here. (Spin loops waste processor time, work against the process
>scheduler, dramatically increase processor power drain in low-power
>devices, etc.)
>
>If you do not understand why a spin loop like this is inappropriate, you
>need to do a lot of reading on modern operating system design. I don’t
>intend for this to be condescending, merely true.
>
>– arlie
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
>Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 10:22 PM
>To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>
>
>
>arlie,
>thanks, can you tell me why the “DOS” function can not be used?
>
>regards
>
>David
>
>
> >From: “Arlie Davis”
> >Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >
> >To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
> >Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 21:59:01 -0400
> >
> >Please, please, please do not do this. Habits like this from DOS days
> >must be abandoned. Your customers, other developers, and I will all
> >hate you.
> >
> >If you must block a thread for a fixed time period, use
> >KeDelayExecutionThread (kernel-mode) or SleepEx (user-mode).
> >
> >– arlie
> >
> >
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
> >[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
> >Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:08 PM
> >To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
> >Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine
> >
> >
> >Hi, All,
> >
> >I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
> >timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion
> >routine.
> >
> >DWORD PreviouseTime;
> >
> >…
> >PreviouseTime=timeGetTime(); while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)//
> >100ms delay { }
> >
> >So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to testing.
> >Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.
> >
> >Thanks
> >
> >David
>
>
>—
>Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
>http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
>You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@hotmail.com
>To unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com

_________________________________________________________________
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http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963

6

you should not block for a 1/10th of a second in a completion routine
using any mechanism. THese are often called at DISPATCH_LEVEL in which
case no other thread will be allowed to run while you hog the CPU
waiting (the KeDelayExecutionThread function is not an option because it
cannot be invoked at dispatch level).

if you need to defer the completion of the request for some reason you
should initialize a timer when you receive the request, set it in the
completion routine and return STATUS_MORE_PROCESSING_REQUIRED to end the
completion. The DPC for the timer will run in 100ms and you can
complete the request there.

-p

-----Original Message-----
From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 7:40 PM
To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine

arlie,
thanks, I misunderstood you since I beleived that I can not use
timeGetTime() function.

Now I see.

Say again , thank you very much

David

From: “Arlie Davis”
>Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>
>To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 22:33:39 -0400
>
>Because you are programming for a multi-user, multi-processor,
>multi-process environment. Spin loops are completely inappropriate for

>this environment. The reasons why are so obvious that I won’t go into
>them here. (Spin loops waste processor time, work against the process
>scheduler, dramatically increase processor power drain in low-power
>devices, etc.)
>
>If you do not understand why a spin loop like this is inappropriate,
>you need to do a lot of reading on modern operating system design. I
>don’t intend for this to be condescending, merely true.
>
>– arlie
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
>Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 10:22 PM
>To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>
>
>
>arlie,
>thanks, can you tell me why the “DOS” function can not be used?
>
>regards
>
>David
>
>
> >From: “Arlie Davis”
> >Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >
> >To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >
> >Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
> >Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 21:59:01 -0400
> >
> >Please, please, please do not do this. Habits like this from DOS
> >days
> >must be abandoned. Your customers, other developers, and I will
> >all hate you.
> >
> >If you must block a thread for a fixed time period, use
> >KeDelayExecutionThread (kernel-mode) or SleepEx (user-mode).
> >
> >– arlie
> >
> >
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
> >[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
> >Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:08 PM
> >To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
> >Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine
> >
> >
> >Hi, All,
> >
> >I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
> >timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion
> >routine.
> >
> >DWORD PreviouseTime;
> >
> >…
> >PreviouseTime=timeGetTime(); while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)//
> >100ms delay { }
> >
> >So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to
testing.
> >Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.
> >
> >Thanks
> >
> >David
>
>
>—
>Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
>http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
>You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@hotmail.com To
>unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com

_________________________________________________________________
Get a FREE computer virus scan online from McAfee.
http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963

—
Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256

You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@microsoft.com To
unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com

7

Thank you , peter,

I will try it

David

From: “Peter Wieland”
>Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>
>To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 21:37:59 -0700
>
>you should not block for a 1/10th of a second in a completion routine
>using any mechanism. THese are often called at DISPATCH_LEVEL in which
>case no other thread will be allowed to run while you hog the CPU
>waiting (the KeDelayExecutionThread function is not an option because it
>cannot be invoked at dispatch level).
>
>if you need to defer the completion of the request for some reason you
>should initialize a timer when you receive the request, set it in the
>completion routine and return STATUS_MORE_PROCESSING_REQUIRED to end the
>completion. The DPC for the timer will run in 100ms and you can
>complete the request there.
>
>-p
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
>Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 7:40 PM
>To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>
>arlie,
>thanks, I misunderstood you since I beleived that I can not use
>timeGetTime() function.
>
>Now I see.
>
>Say again , thank you very much
>
>David
>
>
> >From: “Arlie Davis”
> >Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >
> >To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
> >Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 22:33:39 -0400
> >
> >Because you are programming for a multi-user, multi-processor,
> >multi-process environment. Spin loops are completely inappropriate for
>
> >this environment. The reasons why are so obvious that I won’t go into
> >them here. (Spin loops waste processor time, work against the process
> >scheduler, dramatically increase processor power drain in low-power
> >devices, etc.)
> >
> >If you do not understand why a spin loop like this is inappropriate,
> >you need to do a lot of reading on modern operating system design. I
> >don’t intend for this to be condescending, merely true.
> >
> >– arlie
> >
> >
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
> >[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
> >Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 10:22 PM
> >To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
> >Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
> >
> >
> >
> >arlie,
> >thanks, can you tell me why the “DOS” function can not be used?
> >
> >regards
> >
> >David
> >
> >
> > >From: “Arlie Davis”
> > >Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> > >
> > >To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> > >
> > >Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
> > >Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 21:59:01 -0400
> > >
> > >Please, please, please do not do this. Habits like this from DOS
> > >days
> > >must be abandoned. Your customers, other developers, and I will
> > >all hate you.
> > >
> > >If you must block a thread for a fixed time period, use
> > >KeDelayExecutionThread (kernel-mode) or SleepEx (user-mode).
> > >
> > >– arlie
> > >
> > >
> > >-----Original Message-----
> > >From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
> > >[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
> > >Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:08 PM
> > >To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
> > >Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine
> > >
> > >
> > >Hi, All,
> > >
> > >I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
> > >timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion
> > >routine.
> > >
> > >DWORD PreviouseTime;
> > >
> > >…
> > >PreviouseTime=timeGetTime(); while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)//
> > >100ms delay { }
> > >
> > >So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to
>testing.
> > >Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.
> > >
> > >Thanks
> > >
> > >David
> >
> >
> >—
> >Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
> >http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
> >
> >You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@hotmail.com To
> >unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>
>
>Get a FREE computer virus scan online from McAfee.
>http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963
>
>
>—
>Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
>http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
>You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@microsoft.com To
>unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>
>—
>Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
>http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
>You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@hotmail.com
>To unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com
Find gifts, buy online with MSN Shopping. http://shopping.msn.com.sg/

8

Amazing! Busy loops for delay, and for such a long value as 100ms. You have
just burned around 100M CPU cycles to no use :slight_smile:

The usual (and correct) way of delays is KeDelayExecutionThread, which
allows other threads to run why this one is waiting.
Nevertheless, the completion routine can run on DISPATCH_LEVEL (i.e. with
preemptive multitasking temporary off), and it is prohibited to use
KeDelayExecutionThread on DISPATCH_LEVEL.

The correct way for DISPATCH_LEVEL is to schedule a timer call by
KeSetTimer, and re-complete the IRP there. Like:

CompletionRoutine()
{
KeSetTimer(…, TimerRoutine, Irp);
return STATUS_MORE_PROCESSING_REQUIRED;
}

TimerRoutine(Irp)
{
…
IoCompleteRequest(Irp);
}

I have omitted lots of details on allocating a DPC structure for KeSetTimer
and such. Just the concept.

Maxim Shatskih, Windows DDK MVP
StorageCraft Corporation
xxxxx@storagecraft.com
http://www.storagecraft.com

----- Original Message -----
From: “David Lee”
To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
Sent: Tuesday, October 21, 2003 5:08 AM
Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine

> Hi, All,
>
> I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
> timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion routine.
>
> DWORD PreviouseTime;
>
> …
> PreviouseTime=timeGetTime();
> while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)// 100ms delay
> {
> }
>
> So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to testing.
> Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.
>
> Thanks
>
> David
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Download games, logos, wallpapers and lots more at MSN Mobile!
> http://www.msn.com.sg/mobile/
>
>
> —
> Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
> You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@storagecraft.com
> To unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com

9

… besides, OS can hardly survive staying at raised IRQL longer than 25
msec. Well, if I remember correctly a discussion on that topic years ago
…

-----Original Message-----
From: Peter Wieland [mailto:xxxxx@windows.microsoft.com]
Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:38 PM
To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine

you should not block for a 1/10th of a second in a completion routine
using any mechanism. THese are often called at DISPATCH_LEVEL in which
case no other thread will be allowed to run while you hog the CPU
waiting (the KeDelayExecutionThread function is not an option because it
cannot be invoked at dispatch level).

if you need to defer the completion of the request for some reason you
should initialize a timer when you receive the request, set it in the
completion routine and return STATUS_MORE_PROCESSING_REQUIRED to end the
completion. The DPC for the timer will run in 100ms and you can
complete the request there.

-p

-----Original Message-----
From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 7:40 PM
To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine

arlie,
thanks, I misunderstood you since I beleived that I can not use
timeGetTime() function.

Now I see.

Say again , thank you very much

David

From: “Arlie Davis”
>Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>
>To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 22:33:39 -0400
>
>Because you are programming for a multi-user, multi-processor,
>multi-process environment. Spin loops are completely inappropriate for

>this environment. The reasons why are so obvious that I won’t go into
>them here. (Spin loops waste processor time, work against the process
>scheduler, dramatically increase processor power drain in low-power
>devices, etc.)
>
>If you do not understand why a spin loop like this is inappropriate,
>you need to do a lot of reading on modern operating system design. I
>don’t intend for this to be condescending, merely true.
>
>– arlie
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
>[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
>Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 10:22 PM
>To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
>Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
>
>
>
>arlie,
>thanks, can you tell me why the “DOS” function can not be used?
>
>regards
>
>David
>
>
> >From: “Arlie Davis”
> >Reply-To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >
> >To: “Windows System Software Devs Interest List”
> >
> >Subject: [ntdev] RE: About delay in completion routine
> >Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2003 21:59:01 -0400
> >
> >Please, please, please do not do this. Habits like this from DOS
> >days
> >must be abandoned. Your customers, other developers, and I will
> >all hate you.
> >
> >If you must block a thread for a fixed time period, use
> >KeDelayExecutionThread (kernel-mode) or SleepEx (user-mode).
> >
> >– arlie
> >
> >
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: xxxxx@lists.osr.com
> >[mailto:xxxxx@lists.osr.com] On Behalf Of David Lee
> >Sent: Monday, October 20, 2003 9:08 PM
> >To: Windows System Software Devs Interest List
> >Subject: [ntdev] About delay in completion routine
> >
> >
> >Hi, All,
> >
> >I have a question about delay in completion routine. So far I used
> >timeGetTime funtion. My source code is as follows in my completion
> >routine.
> >
> >DWORD PreviouseTime;
> >
> >…
> >PreviouseTime=timeGetTime(); while(timeGetTime()-PreviouseTime<100)//
> >100ms delay { }
> >
> >So far it looks like working. However, I have no much time to
testing.
> >Anybody can tell me. has it side effect using in Completion Routine.
> >
> >Thanks
> >
> >David
>
>
>—
>Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
>http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256
>
>You are currently subscribed to ntdev as: xxxxx@hotmail.com To
>unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com

_________________________________________________________________
Get a FREE computer virus scan online from McAfee.
http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963

—
Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256

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—
Questions? First check the Kernel Driver FAQ at
http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=256

You are currently subscribed to ntdev as:
xxxxx@borland.com
To unsubscribe send a blank email to xxxxx@lists.osr.com