Can anyone briefly explain how a thermal critical trip shutdown works?

I see that in most modern BIOSes, there is a temperature/thermal
critical trip point ACPI setting. As I briefly understand it, some chip
on the motherboard will monitor the temperature and if it goes higher
than the set critical trip point, it sends an interrupt or a PCI PME
signal or something to the CPU. Windows somehow intercepts that and
then does some sort of critical shutdown. I do see that my driver’s
shutdown handler is called, so I know that it is Windows doing a “clean”
shutdown and not just some chip cutting the power. However, there’s
nothing logged about it that I can find.

I’d like some more understanding of the Windows side of it, and
particularly if it’s logged anywhere. Can anyone give or point me to a
good summary?

Thanks in advance!